What is a Class D Fire? Essential Guide to Metal Fires
In environments like factories or laboratories, metal fires can occur at any time. Without a specialized Class D fire extinguisher or appropriate equipment, these fires can cause significant property damage and pose serious safety risks. By understanding the correct type of extinguisher to use and implementing preventive measures, potential losses can be minimized. Follow this article to dive deeper into the essentials of metal fire safety and preparedness!
What Are Class D Fires?
Class D fires involve combustible metals such as sodium, magnesium, potassium, lithium, zirconium, and titanium, commonly referred to as "metal fires." The combustion characteristics of these metals differ significantly from organic materials like wood, paper, or oils, which is why they are classified separately.
Why Are Class D Fires Particularly Dangerous?
Class D fires demand special attention because they burn at much higher temperatures than typical fires. Using water to extinguish them carries a high risk of explosion, making specialized prevention and response strategies essential.
Case Study: Ming Yang International Pingtung Factory Fire
A notable example is the fire at Mingyang International's Pingtung plant, a catastrophic event in September 2023. This explosion was triggered by a chemical reaction involving tert-butylcyclohexane at high temperatures. The Pingtung County government accused the company of illegally storing large quantities of hazardous materials, exacerbating the disaster’s severity (Source: Wikipedia).
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Which Extinguishers Should Not Be Used on Class D Fires? Avoid Water-Based Solutions
Knowing that Class D fires involve reactive metals like magnesium and lithium, which extinguishers are appropriate, and which should be avoided?
⚠️ Use Specialized Metal Extinguishers
Fires involving metals like lithium, zirconium, and titanium are extremely dangerous and must be tackled using dedicated Class D extinguishers. Note that these extinguishers are exclusively for metal fires and should not be used on other fire types, which require dry powder, foam, or liquid-based solutions.
Further Reading: Different fires need different extinguishers—discover the 6 common types and their uses!
⚠️ Avoid Water-Based Extinguishing Agents
In a metal fire, panic or using the wrong extinguisher can lead to more dangerous situations. Applying water or water-based agents can cause intense oxidation reactions with the metal, rapidly intensifying the fire.
Preventing Metal Fires: Key Precautions
To prevent Class D fires, whether at home or in factories, follow these three key preventive measures:
Workplace Safety Measures:
When performing high-temperature tasks or handling molten metals, wear protective gear such as heat-resistant clothing, gloves, and face shields to reduce the risk of burns or fires. Follow equipment manuals and safety protocols strictly.
Regular Inspections and Safety Training:
Extinguishers should carry a certified label and undergo inspection by qualified professionals every three years. Inspections check for deformation, corrosion, damage, and proper pressure gauge function. Train metalworking staff regularly to enhance risk awareness and emergency response skills.
Equipment and Environment Maintenance:
Keep work areas clean and regularly inspect equipment, replacing worn or damaged parts promptly, especially those in contact with metals. Metal shavings and lubricants can pose fire hazards, so clean them frequently.
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How Does a Metal Fire Extinguisher Work?
Choosing certified fire extinguishers adds essential safety to homes and workplaces. For metal fires, a specialized dry powder extinguisher is indispensable.
Manufactured in Taiwan using high-quality Belgian agents (MPA-certified), this extinguisher features a durable 1.3mm steel cylinder. It meets European EN 615:2009 and EN3 standards, making it a reliable guardian against metal fires.
